01 · Discounted Cash Flow
DCF
What it is: Project the business's free cash flows over 5–10 years, then discount them back to present value using a risk-adjusted rate (WACC).
Best for: Stable businesses with predictable cash flows and a credible forecast horizon.
02 · Earnings Multiples
EBITDA Multiples
What it is: Apply an industry-relevant multiple to your normalised EBITDA, derived from comparable public companies and recent transactions.
Best for: SMEs in established industries — quick, market-anchored, and aligned with how buyers think.
03 · Enterprise Value
EV Multiples
What it is: EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/EBIT — measures total business value (debt + equity) relative to operating performance.
Best for: Comparing across capital structures and against international or cross-sector benchmarks.
04 · Property
Real Estate
What it is: Independent valuation of land, buildings, and property portfolios using income (capitalisation rate), sales-comparison, and replacement-cost approaches.
Best for: Owner-occupied premises being sold with a business, investment property, or property holding companies where land and buildings drive most of the value.